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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean CLKs' awareness and ability to draw on relational affordances and learning-internal factors, were significant. RIs from TS and ZL, for example were able to cite their relationships with their local professors as the primary reason for their rational decision to avoid criticism of a strict professor (see examples 2). This article reviews all local published pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on key pragmatic topics including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test (DCT) is widely used in pragmatic research. It has numerous advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT is one example. It cannot account cultural and individual variations. Furthermore the DCT can be biased and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful instrument to study the connection between prosody, information structure, and non-native speakers. 라이브 카지노 of the DCT in two or more stages to alter the social variables that are related to politeness is a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the impact of prosody in different cultural contexts. In the field of linguistics, the DCT has become one of the primary tools for analyzing learners' communication behaviors. 슬롯 can be used to investigate various issues, including politeness, turn taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to evaluate the phonological complexity of learners' speech. A recent study used a DCT to test EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to select the appropriate response. The authors found the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal, such as a questionnaire or video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other methods for collecting data. DCTs can be designed using specific requirements for linguistics, such as form and content. These criteria are based on intuition and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be exact and could be misleading in describing the way ELF learners actually reject requests in real-world interactions. This issue requires more study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence. A recent study compared DCT responses to requests made by students through email with the responses gathered from an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCT promoted more direct and conventionally form-based requests and made a less frequent use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study examined Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean through a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs), metapragmatic questionnaires, and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also required to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results showed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms. Their choices were influenced by four factors: their personalities and multilingual identities, their current life experiences and their relationship affordances. These findings have implications for pedagogy for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was first analyzed to identify the participants' choices in practice. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they reflected pragmatic resistance or not. Interviewees were also required to explain the reasons for choosing the pragmatic approach in certain situations. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analyzed with descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, which led to an inadequate understanding of korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preference to differ from L1 and L2 norms or to converge toward L1 differed based on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms while in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs revealed that CLKs were aware of their pragmatic resistance to each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after the participants completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two independent coders, were then coded. Coding was an iterative process, in which the coders read and discussed each transcript. The results of the coding process are compared with the original RI transcripts to determine how well they reflected the actual behavior. Interviews with Refusal The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do certain learners choose not to accept native-speaker norms? Recent research has attempted to answer this question by using various experimental tools including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were required to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then, they were invited to attend a RI where they were required to reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that on average, the CLKs disapproved of native-speaker pragmatic norms in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could produce native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatic resistance. They attributed their choices to learner-internal aspects such as their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life histories. They also mentioned external factors such as relational affordances. For example, they described how their relationships with professors led to more relaxed performance with respect to the linguistic and intercultural rules of their university. The interviewees expressed concerns about the social pressures or penalties they could face in the event that their local social norms were violated. They were concerned that their native counterparts might view them as “foreignersand believe that they are unintelligent. This concern was similar to the concerns expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speakers' pragmatic norms are not the preferred norm for Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the validity of these tests in various cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will help them better understand the effects of different cultural environments on the classroom behavior and interactions of L2 students. Furthermore this will allow educators to create more effective methods for teaching and testing korea pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor for Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consulting firm based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a method that focuses on in-depth, participant-centered investigations to explore a particular subject. This method utilizes numerous sources of information, such as documents, interviews, and observations to confirm its findings. This kind of research can be used to study unique or complex subjects that are difficult for other methods to measure. In a case study, the first step is to define both the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject are important for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to study the literature to gain a general knowledge of the subject and place the situation within a larger theoretical framework. This study was based on an open-source platform, the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the experiment revealed that L2 Korean students were particularly vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer options which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from the correct pragmatic inference. They also showed an inclination to include their own text, or “garbage,” to their responses, further detracting from their quality of response. The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had reached level four in the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year at university and hoped to achieve level six on their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, pragmatic awareness and understanding understanding of the world. The interviewees were presented two scenarios, each of which involved an imagined interaction with their interlocutors and asked to choose one of the following strategies to employ when making an inquiry. Interviewees were then asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatist opposition to their personalities. TS, for example stated that she was difficult to get along with and was hesitant to inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she thought native Koreans would.